Bagi kita yang bukan penutur asli bahasa Inggris, memang
ke-16 tenses bahasa Inggris dapat menjadi hal yang sulit untuk dipahami. Ada
banyak peraturan dan juga pengecualian dalam tenses bahasa Inggris.
Tenses sendiri adalah sebuah konsep yang menerangkan waktu kejadian dari sebuah pernyataan. Terdapat 16 Tenses utama yang bisa kamu pelajari. Berikut adalah rangkuman dari ke-16 Tenses Bahasa Inggris dan tips belajar bahasa Inggris untuk menguasainya.
1. Simple Present Tenses
Simple present tense adalah bentuk
tense yang paling umum digunakan. Bentuk ini biasanya digunakan untuk
menunjukan fakta, kebiasaan, dan kejadian yang terjadi pada saat ini.
Rumus
Subject + Verb 1
(present form)
Kata Sinyal
always, every, never, normally,
often, sometimes, usually, seldom
Kalimat Positif
He always works very hard in the
company.
Kalimat Negatif
He does not work very hard in the
company.
Kalimat Tanya
Does he work very hard in the
company?
Yes, he does. / No, he does not.
2. Present Continuous Tense
Present continuous tense biasanya
digunakan untuk membicarakan aksi yang sedang berlangsung saat
pembicaraan sedang berlangsung atau bisa juga digunakan untuk rencana
di masa depan.
Rumus
Subject + am/is/are +
Verb -ing (continuous form)
Kata Sinyal
at the moment, just now, now, right
now, Listen!, Look!
Kalimat Positif
Look! He is talking with his
classmates.
Kalimat Negatif
He is not playing computer games
now.
Kalimat Tanya
Is he playing computer games at the
moment?
Yes, he is. / No, he is not.
3. Present Perfect Tense
Present perfect tense menekankan
pada hasil. Tense ini menunjukkan aksi yang masih sedang
berlangsung atau baru saja selesai.
Rumus
Subject + has/have+
Verb III (past participle form)
Kata Sinyal
already, ever, just, never, not yet,
so far, till now, up to now
Kalimat Positif
He has already finished his
homework.
Kalimat Negatif
He has not been to Australia so far.
Kalimat Tanya
Has he completed the arrangement for
the coming event up to now?
Yes, he has. / No, he has not.
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Present perfect continuous tense
digunakan untuk mengungkapkan aksi yang telah selesai pada suatu titik
dimasa lampau atau aksi telah dimulai di masa lalu dan terus berlanjut sampai
sekarang. Biasanya aksi tersebut ada durasi waktu tertentu dan ada
relevansinya dengan kondisi sekarang.
Rumus
Subject + HAS/HAVE +
BEEN + Verb -ing (continuous form)
Kata Sinyal
for the past 5 years, how long …?,
the whole week, since xxxx
Kalimat Positif
He has been working here since 1996.
Kalimat Negatif
He has not been speaking for the
last 3 hours.
Kalimat Tanya
Has he been playing the computer
game all day?
Yes, he has. / No, he has not.
5. Simple Past Tense
Simple past tense digunakan untuk
mengungkapkan suatu kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau.
Rumus
Subject + Verb II
(past form)
Kata Sinyal
yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1996,
last Thursday, this morning
Kalimat Positif
Last year, he always worked until
night.
Kalimat Negatif
He did not go to school this
morning.
Kalimat Tanya
Did he pay the bill yesterday?
Yes, he did. / No, he did not.
6. Past Continuous Tense
Past continuous tense digunakan
untuk mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aksi sedang terjadi pada waktu tertentu
di masa lampau. Biasanya ada dua kejadian di masa lampau dan satu
kejadian menginterupsi kejadian yang lain. Kejadian yang sedang diinterupsi
tersebut yang menggunakan past continuous tense.
Rumus
Subject + WAS/WERE +
Verb -ing (continuous form)
Kata Sinyal
when, while, as long as, at this
time yesterday
Kalimat Positif
He was speaking when I entered in
room.
Kalimat Negatif
He was not doing his homework at
this time yesterday.
Kalimat Tanya
Was he writing the letter to his
parents when I was out last Tuesday?
Yes, he was. / No, he was not.
7. Past Perfect Tense
Past perfect tense digunakan untuk
menunjukkan sebuah kejadian yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu di masa
lampau dan lebih menekankan pada fakta daripada durasi.
Rumus
Subject + HAD + Verb
III (past participle form)
Kata Sinyal
before yesterday, till three days
ago, already, until that day
Kalimat Positif
He had finished his designs before
he went to work yesterday.
Kalimat Negatif
He had not been a high school
student until last year.
Kalimat Tanya
Had he entered the company before he
achieved his master degree in 1990?
Yes, he had. / No, he had not.
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Past perfect continuous tense hampir
serupa dengan past perfect tense. Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu aksi
yang terjadi di masa lalu dan telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu di
masa lalu, tapi tense ini menekankan pada durasi kejadiannya.
Rumus
Subject + HAD + BEEN +
Verb -ing (continuous form)
Kata Sinyal
for, since, the whole day, all day
Kalimat Positif
He said that he had been working
here for ten years.
Kalimat Negatif
He was told that his teacher had
been waiting for him since 2 p.m yesterday.
Kalimat Tanya
Had he been speaking for the whole
class before I entered?
Yes, he had. / No, he had not.
9. Simple Future Tense
Simple Future tense mengindikasikan
suatu aksi di masa yang akan datang dan tidak dapat dipengaruhi. Dapat juga
digunakan untuk pembuatan keputusan di masa depan yang spontan atau asumsi yang
berhubungan dengan masa yang akan datang. “Will” dan “be
going to” merupakan 2 indikator umum pada tenses ini.
Rumus
Subject + “WILL/ BE
GOING TO” + Verb (present form)
Kata Sinyal
in a year, next …, tomorrow, next
week, five days later
Kalimat Positif
He is going to be journalist after
he graduate next year.
Kalimat Negatif
He will not play computer games
anymore because he understand how harmful they are.
Kalimat Tanya
Will he go to the cinema tomorrow
with us?
Yes, he will. / No, he will not.
10. Future Continuous Tense
Future continuous tense
menunjukkan aksi yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa yang akan
datang dan aksi yang pasti akan terjadi dalam waktu dekat.
Rumus
Subject + “WILL/BE
GOING TO” + “BE” + Verb (continuous form)
Kata Sinyal
tomorrow morning, in one year
Kalimat Positif
He will be delivering the speech to
undergraduates at 3 p.m tomorrow afternoon.
Kalimat Negatif
He will not be doing the task in the
office this afternoon because he is sick.
Kalimat Tanya
Will he be playing football next
morning in the playground?
Yes, he will./ No, he will not.
11. Future Perfect Tense
Future perfect tense menekankan
pada aksi yang sudah berakhir pada waktu tertentu di masa yang akan
datang.
Rumus
Subject + “WILL HAVE”
+ Verb III (past participle form)
Kata Sinyal
by next Monday, in a week
Kalimat Positif
He will have finished the task by
next Monday.
Kalimat Negatif
He will not have finished the given
task by tomorrow evening.
Kalimat Tanya
Will he have finished the task in a
week?
Yes, he will./ No, he will not.
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Hampir sama dengan semua jenis
perfect continuous tense, future perfect continuous tense merupakan serangkaian
aksi yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.
Rumus
Subject + “WILL HAVE
BEEN” + Verb-ing (continuous form)
Kata Sinyal
for the last couple of hours, all
day long
Kalimat Positif
He will have been taking charge of
the team for the next hour.
Kalimat Negatif
He will not have been doing the task
for the last couple of hours.
Kalimat Tanya
Will he have been doing the research
all day long?
Yes, he will./ No, he will not.
13. Past Future Tense
Past future tense pada dasarnya
digunakan dalam kalimat yang tidak langsung, dimana terdapat
perubahan bentuk untuk menyesuaikan dengan rangkaian peristiwa yang ada.
Rumus
Subject + WOULD + Verb
(present form)
Subject + WAS/WERE + GOING TO + Verb (Present Form)
Kata Sinyal
Kalimat Positif
He said that he would leave in three
days.
Kalimat Negatif
He did not promise that he would buy
you a new computer.
Kalimat Tanya
Did you tell him when I would
arrive?
Yes, I did. / No, I did not.
14. Past Future Continuous Tense
Past future continuous tense
menekankan pada serangkaian atau durasi sebuah aksi terjadi. Sebagai
tambahan, ini juga biasanya digunakan pada kalimat tidak langsung.
Rumus
Subject +
“SHOULD/WOULD BE” + Verb-ing (continuous form)
Kata Sinyal
Kalimat Positif
I made a promise that I would be
doing my homework all day long tomorrow.
Kalimat Negatif
I did not tell anyone that I would
be giving a speech to undergraduates for the next whole morning.
Kalimat Tanya
Did you say that you would be
working hard in the next week?
Yes, I did / No, I did not.
15. Past Future Perfect Tense
Terdapat 3 waktu dalam
past future perfect yang terjadi di masa lalu. Menunjuk pada waktu yang
akan datang, waktu tertentu di masa lalu, tetapi aksi yang terjadi harus sudah
selesai sebelum waktu yang akan datang. Dan biasanya digunakan pada
kalimat tidak langsung.
Rumus
Subject + SHOULD/WOULD
HAVE + Verb III (past participle form)
Kata Sinyal
Kalimat Positif
He told the students that they
should have finished the homework this morning.
Kalimat Negatif
He said that he would not have made
such a mistake if he had taken my advice.
Kalimat Tanya
Did you say that you would have been
a doctor in three years?
Yes, I did / No, I did not.
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Past future perfect continuous tense merupakan bentuk tense yang cukup sulit. Namun, kamu dapat mempelajarinya dari past future perfect tense. Bedanya, past future perfect tense menekankan pada durasi waktu yang sudah berlalu dan hasil.
Rumus
Subject + WOULD HAVE
BEEN + Verb -ing (continuous form)
Kata Sinyal
Kalimat Positif
I heard that you should have been
teaching here for ten years by this July.
Kalimat Negatif
I did not know that he would have
been working for the past three hours by that time.
Kalimat Tanya
Would he have been explaining to the
workers if he had made the information clear?
Yes, he would / No, he would not.
Sekarang kamu mengerti 16 tenses dalam bahasa Inggris?
Mungkin memang agak sulit untuk menghafal ke-16 Tenses ini. Namun apakah kamu
tahu ada cara mudah untuk menguasai Grammar bahasa Inggris, termasuk Tenses?
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