Quantifier adalah kata-kata yang menunjuk seberapa banyak jumlah suatu benda – yakni quantifier menunjukkan kuantitas. Much, many, dan a lot of menandakan banyaknya jumlah sesuatu, sebagai contoh “I have a lot of milk” berarti saya mempunyai banyak susu.
Much
Much digunakan untuk kata benda yang tidak dapat dihitung (uncountable), dan umumnya digunakan dalam pernyataan-pernyataan negatif dan kalimat bertanya. Tidak lazim menggunakan much pada pernyataan-pernyataan positif. Sebagai contoh:
- I don’t have much money.
- Do you have much time?
- “I have much time.” Ini kedengaran tidak lazim.
Many
Many digunakan untuk kata benda yang dapat dihitung (countable),
dan sering digunakan pada pernyataan-pernyataan negatif dan kalimat
bertanya. Akan tetapi, many juga digunakan dalam pernyataan-pernyataan
positif. Contoh:
- I don’t have many apples.
- Do you have many friends?
- Many people come here in summer.
Much dan many bisa digunakan dalam pernyataan-pernyataan afirmatif, tetapi memberikan makna yang lebih formal. Misalnya:
- He has many good friends from Harvard University.
Much dan many sering muncul dalam pertanyaan-pertanyaan singkat. Misalnya:
- Do you see your family much?
- No, not much.
A lot of
A lot of digunakan untuk kata benda uncountable dan countable, dan umumnya digunakan untuk pernyataan-pernyataan afirmatif. Misalnya:
- I have a lot of friends.
- I have a lot of time.
A lot of juga digunakan dalam pertanyaan, khususnya jika kita memperkirakan jawabannya adalah positif. Walaupun sering disebutkan bahwa much dan many digunakan untuk pertanyaan, kita biasa menggunakannya untuk pertanyaan yang jawabannya diperkirakan negatif. Sebagai contoh:
- Do you want a lot of pizza? (Penanya memperkirakan anda ingin makan banyak)
- Do you want much pizza? (Ini kedengaran tidak lazim, tetapi penanya memperkirakan anda tidak ingin makan banyak.)
Lots of bisa digunakan dengan cara yang sama seperti a lot of, seringkali dalam pembicaraan informal. Misalnya:
- I have lots of time.
- I have a lot of time.
How much / how many?
How much digunakan untuk menanyakan tentang harga sesuatu. Misalnya:
- How much is it?
- How much is that dog in the window?
How much dan How many digunakan untuk menanyakan tentang kuantitas. Misalnya:
- How much money do you have?
- How many apples does he have?
Contoh penggunaan dalam percakapan
1) We need to go shopping.
I don’t think so, we’ve got a lot of food here.
We don’t have much milk or bread, and we don’t have much water.
Oh, OK. Lets go shopping this evening.
I don’t think so, we’ve got a lot of food here.
We don’t have much milk or bread, and we don’t have much water.
Oh, OK. Lets go shopping this evening.
2) How’s your university?
It’s great. I have lots of friends and there are a lot of great professors. I don’t have much money, but that’s OK. Also I’m really busy these days, so I don’t have much time.
Are you enjoying it?
Sure, it’s going well.
It’s great. I have lots of friends and there are a lot of great professors. I don’t have much money, but that’s OK. Also I’m really busy these days, so I don’t have much time.
Are you enjoying it?
Sure, it’s going well.
3) How many students are in your class?
We don’t have many students, just eight.
That’s great! You can study a lot.
Right. And I can talk to the teacher a lot as well. That’s good.
Do you have many friends in your class?
Yes, I go out with them a lot.
We don’t have many students, just eight.
That’s great! You can study a lot.
Right. And I can talk to the teacher a lot as well. That’s good.
Do you have many friends in your class?
Yes, I go out with them a lot.
Kosa kata baru:
| Shopping = belanja think = pikir/anggap a lot of = banyak much = banyak milk = susu bread = roti shopping = belanja evening = malam new = baru |
University = universitas friends = teman professors = profesor busy = sibuk these days = belakangan ini class = kelas many = banyak right = benar go out = keluar |
(Tautan-tautan berikut akan membuka jendela baru dan menuju ke website lain)
Latihan 1 – Quantifier: Much/Many/A Lot of ->>
Latihan 2 – Quantifier: Much/Many/A Lot of ->>
Latihan 3 – Quantifier: Much/Many/A Lot of ->>
Latihan 2 – Quantifier: Much/Many/A Lot of ->>
Latihan 3 – Quantifier: Much/Many/A Lot of ->>
